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Authored: Garapati, P V, 2008-12-16 11:12:19,
Edited: Garapati, P V, 2008-12-16 11:12:19,
Reviewed: Bluestone, JA, Esensten, J, 2009-06-01 18:47:33,
The Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is one of the negative regulators of TCR signaling. PD-1 may exert its effects on cell differentiation and survival directly by inhibiting early activation events that are positively regulated by CD28 or indirectly through IL-2. PD-1 ligation inhibits the induction of the cell survival factor Bcl-xL and the expression of transcription factors associated with effector cell function, including GATA-3, Tbet, and Eomes. PD-1 exerts its inhibitory effects by bringing phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2 into the immune synapse, leading to dephosphorylation of CD3-zeta chain, PI3K and AKT.
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PD-1 signaling
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