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pubmed:abstractText |
Growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive, transforming growth factor-?-related cytokine, which has recently been reported to be elevated in serum of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). The aim of the study was to examine the expression and biological roles of GDF-15 in the lung of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
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