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Ganciclovir exhibits broad-spectrum activity against DNA viruses such as cytomegaloviruses, herpes simplex viruses, varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus and human herpes virus-6. Ganciclovir is widely applied for anti-herpetic treatment, cytomegalovirus prophylaxis after organ transplantation, and, more recently, in experimental gene therapy to eradicate cycling cells that express the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene. Although ganciclovir supposedly acts as a chain terminator, there is compelling evidence demonstrating the presence of ganciclovir, but not of acyclovir, incorporated internally into DNA, leaving the precise mechanism by which ganciclovir inhibits DNA synthesis enigmatic.
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