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Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane catalyzes the two-step reaction that converts glutamate, ATP, and NADPH + H+ to L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde, NADP+, ADP, and orthophosphate. Two P5CS isoforms have been identified; both are active when expressed in enzyme-deficient cells in culture (Hu et al. 1999). Unpublished crystallographic data (PDB 2H5G) indicate that the enzyme is a dimer.
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