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| biopax3:comment |
Vitamin A (retinol, retinal, retinyl palmitate, and retinoate) must be taken up, either as carotenes from plants, or as retinyl esters from animal food. The most prominent carotenes are alpha-carotene, lycopene, lutein, beta-cryptoxanthine, and especially beta-carotene. After uptake they are mostly broken down to retinal. Retinyl esters are hydrolyzed like other fats.<br>In enterocytes, retinoids bind to the retinol-binding protein (CRBP II). Transport from enterocytes to the liver happens via chylomicrons (Harrison & Hussain 2001, Harrison 2005).
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