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The human gene SLC22A5 encodes the organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (OCTN2). OCTN2 is strongly expressed in the kidney, skeletal muscle, heart and placenta (Tamai I et al, 1998). Defects in SLC22A5 are the cause of systemic primary carnitine deficiency (CDSP) (Tang NL et al, 1999) and susceptibility to Crohn disease (CD) (Peltekova VD et al, 2004). The human gene SLC22A15 encodes the fly-like putative transporter1 (FLIPT1). FLIPT1 is a novel transporter highly expressed in kidney and brain is shown to be homologous to other carnitine transporters (Eraly SA and Nigan SK, 2002). The human gene SLC22A16 encodes the organic cation/carnitine transporter 6 (also called the fly-like putative transporter 2, FLIPT2) (Enomoto A et al, 2002). FLIPT2 is strongly expressed in the testis and epididymas as well as generally in other tissues and in leukaemia cells ( Enomoto A et al, 2002; Gong S et al, 2002). All of these transporters are sodium-dependent, high affinity carnitine cotransporters.
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