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The human gene SLC5A2 encodes a sodium-dependent glucose transporter, SGLT2 (Wells RG et al, 1992). SGLT2 is expressed in many tissues but primarily in the kidney, specifically the renal proximal tubules (S1 and S2 segments).It is a low affinity, high capacity transporter of glucose across the apical membrane, with co-transport of Na+ ions in a 1:1 ratio. Unlike SGLT1, it doesn't transport galactose. SGLT2 is the main transporter of glucose in the kidney, responsible for approximately 98% of glucose reabsorption (reaminder by SGLT1). Defects in SLC5A2 are the cause of renal glucosuria (GLYS1), an autosomal recessive renal tubular disorder (Calado J et al, 2004).
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