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The NCX (SCL8, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger) family is one of three families that control Ca2+ flux across the plasma membrane or intracellular compartments. They extrude Ca2+ from the cell, using the electrochemical gradient of Na+ as it flows into the cell. One Ca2+ is exchanged for three Na+. During this electrogenic exchange, the membrane potential is altered. NCX1 (SLC8A1) has a ubiquitous expression profile (highest expression in heart, brain and kidney) and was originally cloned and characterized from human cardiac muscle (Komuro I et al, 1992). Both NCX2 (SLC8A2) (Li Z et al, 1994) and NCX3 (SLC8A3) (Gabellini N et al, 2002) are expressed in the brain.
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