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In the presence of high concentrations of zinc and calcium, proinsulin spontaneously forms soluble complexes containing 6 molecules of proinsulin, 2 zinc ions, and 1 calcium ion. Zinc Transporters ZnT5, ZnT6, and ZnT7 are found in the membrane of the Golgi in pancreatic cells (and also in many other cell types). They play a role in maintaining the high zinc concentration in the Golgi lumen and thus catalyze the formation of the proinsulin-zinc-calcium complex. Other transporters, such as the newly identified ZnT9 and ZnT10, may also be involved but this is presently unknown.
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