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Authored: Gillespie, ME, 2003-09-19 00:00:00,
Beta-oxidation begins once fatty acids have been imported into the mitochondrial matrix by carnitine acyltransferases. The beta-oxidation spiral of fatty acids metabolism involves the repetitive removal of two carbon units from the fatty acyl chain. There are four steps to this process: oxidation, hydration, a second oxidation, and finally thiolysis. The last step releases the two-carbon acetyl-CoA and a ready primed acyl-CoA that takes another turn down the spiral. In total each turn of the beta-oxidation spiral produces one NADH, one FADH2, and one acetyl-CoA.<p>Further oxidation of acetyl-CoA via the tricarboxylic acid cycle generates additional FADH2 and NADH. All reduced cofactors are used by the mitochondrial electron transport chain to form ATP. The complete oxidation of a fatty acid molecule produces numerous ATP molecules. Palmitate, used as the model here, produces 129 ATPs.<p>Beta-oxidation pathways differ for saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The beta-oxidation of saturated fatty acids requires four different enzymatic steps. Beta-oxidation produces and consumes intermediates with a trans configuration; unsaturated fatty acids that have bonds in the cis configuration require three separate enzymatic steps to prepare these molecules for the beta-oxidation pathway.,
Edited: Gillespie, ME, 0000-00-00 00:00:00
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| biopax3:xref |
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0079130356,
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/10527676,
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/11826276,
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/1431593,
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/7951672,
urn:biopax:RelationshipXref:GENE ONTOLOGY_GO:0006635,
urn:biopax:UnificationXref:REACTOME DATABASE ID_77289,
urn:biopax:UnificationXref:REACTOME_REACT_1473_1
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Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation
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