Source:http://www.reactome.org/biopax/48887BiochemicalReaction74
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Authored: Heldin, CH, Moustakas, A, Huminiecki, L, Jassal, B, 2006-02-02,
Edited: Jassal, B, 2006-02-10 14:02:35,
Reviewed: Heldin, CH, 2006-04-18 14:26:12,
Reviewed: Huang, Tao, 2012-05-14,
The phosphorylated R-SMAD:CO-SMAD complex rapidly translocates to the nucleus (Xu et al. 2000, Kurisaki et al. 2001, Xiao et al. 2003) where it binds directly to DNA and interacts with a plethora of transcription co-factors. Regulation of target gene expression can be either positive or negative. A classic example of a target gene of the pathway are the genes encoding for I-SMADs. Thus, TGF-beta/SMAD signaling induces the expression of the negative regulators of the pathway (negative feedback loop).
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The SMAD2/3:SMAD4 complex transfers to the nucleus
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