Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways are among the most widespread mechanisms of cellular regulation.
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Mammalian MAPK pathways can be recruited by a wide variety of stimuli including hormones (e.g. insulin and growth hormone), mitogens (e.g. epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor), vasoactive peptides (e.g. angiotensin-II and endothelin), inflammatory cytokines of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family and environmental stresses such as osmotic shock, ionizing radiation and ischemeic injury.,
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways are among the most widespread mechanisms of cellular regulation.,
Some members of this family can be activated by p21-activated kinases (PAK/STE20) or Ras.,
This enzyme phosphorylates and activates its downstream protein kinase, EC 2.7.12.2, but requires MAPKKKK for activation.,
While c-Raf and c-Mos activate the classical MAPK/ERK pathway, MEKK1 and MEKK2 preferentially activate the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase(JNK)/stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) pathway.
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MAP kinase kinase kinase,
MAP3K,
MAPKKK,
MEK kinase,
MEKK,
MLK-like mitogen-activated protein triple kinase,
MLTK,
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase
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ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.
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