BACKGROUND: An age bias toward children and young adults has been reported for infection and hospitalizations with pandemic H1N1 influenza (A[H1N1]pdm) in the 2009 and 2010 influenza seasons in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres. Serological analysis of prepandemic samples has shown a higher incidence of cross-reactive antibodies to A(H1N1)pdm virus in older populations; conserved T cell epitopes between viruses have been identified. The contribution of preexisting immunity to seasonal influenza to protection against A(H1N1)pdm infection was analyzed in a ferret model. METHODS: Ferrets were pre-infected with influenza A viruses and/or vaccinated with inactivated influenza viruses with adjuvant. Infection after challenge was assessed by measuring shedding virus, transmission to naive animals, and seroconversion. RESULTS: Homologous vaccination reduced the incidence of infection and delayed transmission. Pre-infection with virus induced sterilizing immunity to homologous challenge. One prior infection with seasonal influenza A virus improved clearance of A(H1N1)pdm virus. Prior infection with A(H1N1)pdm virus reduced shedding after seasonal influenza A challenge. Two infections with seasonal influenza A viruses reduced the incidence of infection, the amount and duration of virus shedding, and the frequency of transmission following A(H1N1)pdm challenge. CONCLUSION: These data suggest the reduced incidence and severity of infection with A(H1N1)pdm virus in the adult population during the 2009-2010 influenza season may be a result of previous exposure to seasonal influenza A viruses.
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BACKGROUND: An age bias toward children and young adults has been reported for infection and hospitalizations with pandemic H1N1 influenza (A[H1N1]pdm) in the 2009 and 2010 influenza seasons in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres. Serological analysis of prepandemic samples has shown a higher incidence of cross-reactive antibodies to A(H1N1)pdm virus in older populations; conserved T cell epitopes between viruses have been identified. The contribution of preexisting immunity to seasonal influenza to protection against A(H1N1)pdm infection was analyzed in a ferret model. METHODS: Ferrets were pre-infected with influenza A viruses and/or vaccinated with inactivated influenza viruses with adjuvant. Infection after challenge was assessed by measuring shedding virus, transmission to naive animals, and seroconversion. RESULTS: Homologous vaccination reduced the incidence of infection and delayed transmission. Pre-infection with virus induced sterilizing immunity to homologous challenge. One prior infection with seasonal influenza A virus improved clearance of A(H1N1)pdm virus. Prior infection with A(H1N1)pdm virus reduced shedding after seasonal influenza A challenge. Two infections with seasonal influenza A viruses reduced the incidence of infection, the amount and duration of virus shedding, and the frequency of transmission following A(H1N1)pdm challenge. CONCLUSION: These data suggest the reduced incidence and severity of infection with A(H1N1)pdm virus in the adult population during the 2009-2010 influenza season may be a result of previous exposure to seasonal influenza A viruses.
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| uniprot:name |
J. Infect. Dis.
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| uniprot:author |
Barr I.G.,
Carolan L.A.,
Kelso A.,
Laurie K.L.,
Lowther S.,
Middleton D.
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| uniprot:date |
2010
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| uniprot:pages |
1011-1020
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| uniprot:title |
Multiple infections with seasonal influenza A virus induce cross-protective immunity against A(H1N1) pandemic influenza virus in a ferret model.
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| uniprot:volume |
202
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| dc-term:identifier |
doi:10.1086/656188
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