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skos:definition |
MSH: A CX3C chemokine that is a transmembrane protein found on the surface of cells. The soluble form of chemokine CX3CL1 can be released from cell surface by proteolysis and act as a chemoattractant that may be involved in the extravasation of leukocytes into inflamed tissues. The membrane form of the protein may also play a role in cell adhesion.,NCI: Fractalkine, encoded by the cytokine D1 gene, is the first member of a fourth branch of the chemokine superfamily. Unlike other known chemokines, fractalkine is a type 1 membrane protein with a signal peptide, a chemokine domain, a stalk region containing 17 degenerate mucin-like repeats, a transmembrane segment and a cytoplasmic domain. The extracellular domain of fractalkine is released into the supernatants of transfected cells as a 95 kDa glycoprotein, possibly by proteolysis at the dibasic cleavage site proximal to the membrane, to generate soluble fractalkine. mRNA expression is most abundant in the brain and heart, but is also present at lower levels in
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