Linked Life Data

9517926

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/9517926

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
3
pubmed:dateCreated
1998-5-12
pubmed:abstractText
The selection of bacterial resistance was examined in relationship to antibiotic pharmacokinetics (PK) and organism MICs in the patients from four nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection clinical trials. The evaluable database included 107 acutely ill patients, 128 pathogens, and five antimicrobial regimens. Antimicrobial pharmacokinetics were characterized by using serum concentrations, and culture and sensitivity tests were performed daily on tracheal aspirates to examine resistance. Pharmacodynamic (PD) models were developed to identify factors associated with the probability of developing bacterial resistance. Overall, in 32 of 128 (25%) initially susceptible cases resistance developed during therapy. An initial univariate screen and a classification and regression tree analysis identified the ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h to the MIC (AUC[0-24]/MIC) as a significant predictor of the development of resistance (P < 0.001). The final PK/PD model, a variant of the Hill equation, demonstrated that the probability of developing resistance during therapy increased significantly when antimicrobial exposure was at an AUC[0-24]/MIC ratio of less than 100. This relationship was observed across all treatments and within all organism groupings, with the exception of beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative organisms (consistent with type I beta-lactamase producers) treated with beta-lactam monotherapy. Combination therapy resulted in much lower rates of resistance than monotherapy, probably because all of the combination regimens examined had an AUC[0-24]/MIC ratio in excess of 100. In summary, the selection of antimicrobial resistance appears to be strongly associated with suboptimal antimicrobial exposure, defined as an AUC[0-24]MIC ratio of less than 100.
pubmed:commentsCorrections
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/9517926-1737442, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/9517926-2508586, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/9517926-3139779, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/9517926-7574506, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/9517926-761456, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/9517926-7667163, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/9517926-7736689, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/9517926-7949501, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/9517926-8203853, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/9517926-8239581, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/9517926-8384815, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/9517926-8517694, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/9517926-8851583, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/9517926-8852915, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/9517926-8875923, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/9517926-8876868
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Mar
pubmed:issn
0066-4804
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Print
pubmed:volume
42
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
521-7
pubmed:dateRevised
2009-11-18
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
1998
pubmed:articleTitle
Pharmacodynamic evaluation of factors associated with the development of bacterial resistance in acutely ill patients during therapy.
pubmed:affiliation
The Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Millard Fillmore Health System, Buffalo, New York, USA. Thomas.Jen@ChristianaCare.org
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article