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| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| rdf:type | |
| lifeskim:mentions | |
| pubmed:issue |
11
|
| pubmed:dateCreated |
1995-7-3
|
| pubmed:abstractText |
The relation of educational level to obstructive lung disease, spirometric airflow limitation, and respiratory symptoms was examined in a two-phase cross-sectional study of a Norwegian general population aged 18-73 years in 1985-1988. The first phase was a questionnaire survey. In the second phase, a stratified sample of those who responded in the first phase was invited to a clinical and respiratory physiologic examination. Altogether, 714 subjects attended, representing 84% of those invited. The prevalences of obstructive lung disease and spirometric airflow limitation were 7.8% and 4.5%, respectively. A total of 18% of the population had completed college, a further 60% had completed secondary school, and 21% had obtained a primary school education alone. The prevalence of both smoking and occupational airborne exposure decreased with increasing educational level. The sex-, age-, smoking-, and occupational exposure-adjusted odds ratio of obstructive lung disease in primary-versus university-educated subjects was 2.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-6.5); in secondary- versus university-educated subjects it was 1.4 (95% CI 0.7-2.8). The corresponding values for spirometric airflow limitations were 5.2 (95% CI 2.0-13.4) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.2-2.7). All of the respiratory symptoms except breathlessness grade 2 were significantly associated with educational level after allowing for sex, age, smoking, and occupational airborne exposure. The survey indicates that educational level is a risk factor for airway disorders independent of smoking and occupational airborne exposure.
|
| pubmed:language |
eng
|
| pubmed:journal | |
| pubmed:citationSubset |
IM
|
| pubmed:chemical | |
| pubmed:status |
MEDLINE
|
| pubmed:month |
Jun
|
| pubmed:issn |
0002-9262
|
| pubmed:author | |
| pubmed:issnType |
Print
|
| pubmed:day |
1
|
| pubmed:volume |
141
|
| pubmed:owner |
NLM
|
| pubmed:authorsComplete |
Y
|
| pubmed:pagination |
1080-8
|
| pubmed:dateRevised |
2006-11-15
|
| pubmed:meshHeading |
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Adolescent,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Adult,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Age Factors,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Aged,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Air Pollutants, Occupational,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Cross-Sectional Studies,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Educational Status,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Female,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Humans,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Lung Diseases, Obstructive,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Male,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Middle Aged,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Norway,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Occupational Exposure,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Odds Ratio,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Prevalence,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Pulmonary Ventilation,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Regression Analysis,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Risk Factors,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Sex Factors,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Smoking,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Social Class,
pubmed-meshheading:7771443-Spirometry
|
| pubmed:year |
1995
|
| pubmed:articleTitle |
Educational level and obstructive lung disease given smoking habits and occupational airborne exposure: a Norwegian community study.
|
| pubmed:affiliation |
Department of Thoracic Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway.
|
| pubmed:publicationType |
Journal Article,
Comparative Study,
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
|