Linked Life Data

21093010

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/21093010

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SubjectPredicateObjectContext
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pubmed-article:21093010pubmed:abstractTextExposure to human pathogenic viruses in recreational waters has been shown to cause disease outbreaks. In the context of Article 14 of the revised European Bathing Waters Directive 2006/7/EC (rBWD, CEU, 2006) a Europe-wide surveillance study was carried out to determine the frequency of occurrence of two human enteric viruses in recreational waters. Adenoviruses were selected based on their near-universal shedding and environmental survival, and noroviruses (NoV) selected as being the most prevalent gastroenteritis agent worldwide. Concentration of marine and freshwater samples was done by adsorption/elution followed by molecular detection by (RT)-PCR. Out of 1410 samples, 553 (39.2%) were positive for one or more of the target viruses. Adenoviruses, detected in 36.4% of samples, were more prevalent than noroviruses (9.4%), with 3.5% GI and 6.2% GII, some samples being positive for both GI and GII. Of 513 human adenovirus-positive samples, 63 (12.3%) were also norovirus-positive, whereas 69 (7.7%) norovirus-positive samples were adenovirus-negative. More freshwater samples than marine water samples were virus-positive. Out of a small selection of samples tested for adenovirus infectivity, approximately one-quarter were positive. Sixty percent of 132 nested-PCR adenovirus-positive samples analysed by quantitative PCR gave a mean value of over 3000 genome copies per L of water. The simultaneous detection of infectious adenovirus and of adenovirus and NoV by (RT)PCR suggests that the presence of infectious viruses in recreational waters may constitute a public health risk upon exposure. These studies support the case for considering adenoviruses as an indicator of bathing water quality.lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:21093010pubmed:copyrightInfoCopyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21093010pubmed:issnTypeElectroniclld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21093010pubmed:volume45lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:21093010pubmed:year2011lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21093010pubmed:articleTitleSurveillance of adenoviruses and noroviruses in European recreational waters.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21093010pubmed:affiliationIGES, University of Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DB, UK. pyw@aber.ac.uklld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21093010pubmed:publicationTypeJournal Articlelld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21093010pubmed:publicationTypeResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tlld:pubmed