Linked Life Data

20024954

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/20024954

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
3
pubmed:dateCreated
2010-1-26
pubmed:abstractText
Osmotic stress is a potent regulator of the normal function of cells that are exposed to osmotically active environments under physiologic or pathologic conditions. The ability of cells to alter gene expression and metabolic activity in response to changes in the osmotic environment provides an additional regulatory mechanism for a diverse array of tissues and organs in the human body. In addition to the activation of various osmotically- or volume-activated ion channels, osmotic stress may also act on the genome via a direct biophysical pathway. Changes in extracellular osmolality alter cell volume, and therefore, the concentration of intracellular macromolecules. In turn, intracellular macromolecule concentration is a key physical parameter affecting the spatial organization and pressurization of the nucleus. Hyper-osmotic stress shrinks the nucleus and causes it to assume a convoluted shape, whereas hypo-osmotic stress swells the nucleus to a size that is limited by stretch of the nuclear lamina and induces a smooth, round shape of the nucleus. These behaviors are consistent with a model of the nucleus as a charged core/shell structure pressurized by uneven partition of macromolecules between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm. These osmotically-induced alterations in the internal structure and arrangement of chromatin, as well as potential changes in the nuclear membrane and pores are hypothesized to influence gene transcription and/or nucleocytoplasmic transport. A further understanding of the biophysical and biochemical mechanisms involved in these processes would have important ramifications for a range of fields including differentiation, migration, mechanotransduction, DNA repair, and tumorigenesis.
pubmed:grant
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Feb
pubmed:issn
1097-4644
pubmed:author
pubmed:copyrightInfo
(c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
pubmed:issnType
Electronic
pubmed:day
15
pubmed:volume
109
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
460-7
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
2010
pubmed:articleTitle
The effects of osmotic stress on the structure and function of the cell nucleus.
pubmed:affiliation
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Review, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural