Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
48
pubmed:dateCreated
2009-12-3
pubmed:abstractText
We examined how remote enhancers establish physical communication with target promoters to activate gene transcription in response to environmental signals. Although the natural IFN-beta enhancer is located immediately upstream of the core promoter, it also can function as a classical enhancer element conferring virus infection-dependent activation of heterologous promoters, even when it is placed several kilobases away from these promoters. We demonstrated that the remote IFN-beta enhancer "loops out" the intervening DNA to reach the target promoter. These chromatin loops depend on sequence-specific transcription factors bound to the enhancer and the promoter and thus can explain the specificity observed in enhancer-promoter interactions, especially in complex genetic loci. Transcription factor binding sites scattered between an enhancer and a promoter can work as decoys trapping the enhancer in nonproductive loops, thus resembling insulator elements. Finally, replacement of the transcription factor binding sites involved in DNA looping with those of a heterologous prokaryotic protein, the lambda repressor, which is capable of loop formation, rescues enhancer function from a distance by re-establishing enhancer-promoter loop formation.
pubmed:commentsCorrections
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-10024886, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-11106736, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-11250145, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-11572775, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-11847345, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-12093913, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-12191484, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-12504019, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-12504020, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-12651739, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-1406630, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-14576342, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-14871931, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-15489291, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-15798207, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-16126390, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-16137620, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-16494964, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-16719718, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-16769689, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-16873069, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-16904310, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-17280735, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-18243117, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-18614013, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-18675948, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-18706938, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-2540952, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-2848550, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-3296191, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-3986910, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-6283634, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/19923429-8548797
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Dec
pubmed:issn
1091-6490
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Electronic
pubmed:day
1
pubmed:volume
106
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
20222-7
pubmed:dateRevised
2010-9-28
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
2009
pubmed:articleTitle
Transcription factors mediate long-range enhancer-promoter interactions.
pubmed:affiliation
Institute of Molecular Biology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, Athens 11527 Greece.
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't