pubmed:abstractText |
Decreased effectiveness in spinal fusion procedures in patients who smoke before, during, or after the operation has been noted in several clinical studies. In previous work, direct current (DC) electrical stimulation has been shown to enhance inter-transverse process fusion in a rabbit model.
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pubmed:affiliation |
Department of Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Research Center, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA.
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