| pubmed-article:14557656 | rdf:type | pubmed:Citation | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0019704 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0021311 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0024296 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0699819 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0205082 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1332714 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0887947 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0677960 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0205421 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0205225 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:issue | 21 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:dateCreated | 2003-10-14 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:abstractText | Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) harbors the majority of T lymphocytes in the body and is an important target for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We analyzed longitudinal jejunal biopsy samples from HIV-1-infected patients, during both primary and chronic stages of HIV-1 infection, prior to and following the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to determine the onset of CD4(+) T-cell depletion and the effect of HAART on the restoration of CD4(+) T cells in GALT. Severe depletion of intestinal CD4(+) T cells occurred during primary HIV-1 infection. Our results showed that the restoration of intestinal CD4(+) T cells following HAART in chronically HIV-1-infected patients was substantially delayed and incomplete. In contrast, initiation of HAART during early stages of infection resulted in near-complete restoration of intestinal CD4(+) T cells, despite the delay in comparison to peripheral blood CD4(+) T-cell recovery. DNA microarray analysis of gene expression profiles and flow-cytometric analysis of lymphocyte homing and cell proliferation markers demonstrated that cell trafficking to GALT and not local proliferation contributed to CD4(+) T-cell restoration. Evaluation of jejunal biopsy samples from long-term HIV-1-infected nonprogressors showed maintenance of normal CD4(+) T-cell levels in both GALT and peripheral blood. Our results demonstrate that near-complete restoration of mucosal immune system can be achieved by initiating HAART early in HIV-1 infection. Monitoring of the restoration and/or maintenance of CD4(+) T cells in GALT provides a more accurate assessment of the efficacy of antiviral host immune responses as well as HAART. | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:language | eng | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:journal | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:citationSubset | IM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:status | MEDLINE | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:month | Nov | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:issn | 0022-538X | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:GuadalupeMora... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:DandekarSatya... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:ReayElizabeth... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:SankaranSumat... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:PrindivilleTh... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:FlammJasonJ | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:McNeilAndrewA | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:issnType | Print | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:volume | 77 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:owner | NLM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:authorsComplete | Y | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:pagination | 11708-17 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:dateRevised | 2009-11-18 | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:year | 2003 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:articleTitle | Severe CD4+ T-cell depletion in gut lymphoid tissue during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and substantial delay in restoration following highly active antiretroviral therapy. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:affiliation | Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:publicationType | Journal Article | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:publicationType | Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:14557656 | pubmed:publicationType | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | lld:pubmed |
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