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rdf:type |
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lifeskim:mentions |
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pubmed:issue |
21
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pubmed:dateCreated |
2003-10-14
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pubmed:abstractText |
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) harbors the majority of T lymphocytes in the body and is an important target for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We analyzed longitudinal jejunal biopsy samples from HIV-1-infected patients, during both primary and chronic stages of HIV-1 infection, prior to and following the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to determine the onset of CD4(+) T-cell depletion and the effect of HAART on the restoration of CD4(+) T cells in GALT. Severe depletion of intestinal CD4(+) T cells occurred during primary HIV-1 infection. Our results showed that the restoration of intestinal CD4(+) T cells following HAART in chronically HIV-1-infected patients was substantially delayed and incomplete. In contrast, initiation of HAART during early stages of infection resulted in near-complete restoration of intestinal CD4(+) T cells, despite the delay in comparison to peripheral blood CD4(+) T-cell recovery. DNA microarray analysis of gene expression profiles and flow-cytometric analysis of lymphocyte homing and cell proliferation markers demonstrated that cell trafficking to GALT and not local proliferation contributed to CD4(+) T-cell restoration. Evaluation of jejunal biopsy samples from long-term HIV-1-infected nonprogressors showed maintenance of normal CD4(+) T-cell levels in both GALT and peripheral blood. Our results demonstrate that near-complete restoration of mucosal immune system can be achieved by initiating HAART early in HIV-1 infection. Monitoring of the restoration and/or maintenance of CD4(+) T cells in GALT provides a more accurate assessment of the efficacy of antiviral host immune responses as well as HAART.
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pubmed:grant |
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pubmed:commentsCorrections |
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-10203039,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-10358770,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-10400763,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-10950772,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-11029005,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-12228041,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-12399544,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-1352911,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-1676268,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-1928302,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-2659263,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-7489940,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-7802976,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-7848593,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-8169404,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-9204894,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-9367954,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-9545219,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-9551888,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-9652425,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-9658083,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-9658111,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-9708402,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/14557656-9747954
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pubmed:language |
eng
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pubmed:journal |
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pubmed:citationSubset |
IM
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pubmed:status |
MEDLINE
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pubmed:month |
Nov
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pubmed:issn |
0022-538X
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pubmed:author |
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pubmed:issnType |
Print
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pubmed:volume |
77
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pubmed:owner |
NLM
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pubmed:authorsComplete |
Y
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pubmed:pagination |
11708-17
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pubmed:dateRevised |
2009-11-18
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pubmed:meshHeading |
pubmed-meshheading:14557656-Adult,
pubmed-meshheading:14557656-Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active,
pubmed-meshheading:14557656-CD4 Lymphocyte Count,
pubmed-meshheading:14557656-CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes,
pubmed-meshheading:14557656-CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes,
pubmed-meshheading:14557656-Cell Movement,
pubmed-meshheading:14557656-Chronic Disease,
pubmed-meshheading:14557656-Female,
pubmed-meshheading:14557656-Flow Cytometry,
pubmed-meshheading:14557656-HIV Infections,
pubmed-meshheading:14557656-HIV-1,
pubmed-meshheading:14557656-Humans,
pubmed-meshheading:14557656-Immunohistochemistry,
pubmed-meshheading:14557656-Jejunum,
pubmed-meshheading:14557656-Lymphocyte Activation,
pubmed-meshheading:14557656-Lymphoid Tissue,
pubmed-meshheading:14557656-Male,
pubmed-meshheading:14557656-Middle Aged,
pubmed-meshheading:14557656-Time Factors
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pubmed:year |
2003
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pubmed:articleTitle |
Severe CD4+ T-cell depletion in gut lymphoid tissue during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and substantial delay in restoration following highly active antiretroviral therapy.
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pubmed:affiliation |
Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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pubmed:publicationType |
Journal Article,
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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