Linked Life Data

12845153

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/12845153

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
3
pubmed:dateCreated
2003-7-7
pubmed:abstractText
In inflammatory, infectious, ischemic, and neurodegenerative pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS) glia become "activated" by inflammatory mediators, and express new proteins such as the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Although these activated glia have benefi- cial roles, in vitro they potently kill cocultured neurons, and there is increasing evidence that they contribute to pathology in vivo. Nitric oxide (NO) from iNOS appears to be a key mediator of such glial-induced neuronal death. The high sensitivity of neurons to NO is partly due to NO causing inhibition of respiration, rapid glutamate release from both astrocytes and neurons, and subsequent excitotoxic death of the neurons. NO is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration, due to reversible binding of NO to cytochrome oxidase in competition with oxygen, resulting in inhibition of energy production and sensitization to hypoxia. Activated astrocytes or microglia cause a potent inhibition of respiration in cocultured neurons due to glial NO inhibiting cytochrome oxidase within the neurons, resulting in ATP depletion and glutamate release. In some conditions, glutamate- induced neuronal death can itself be mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor activation of the neuronal isoform of NO synthase (nNOS) causing mitochondrial damage. In addition NO can be converted to a number of reactive derivatives such as peroxynitrite, NO2, N2O3, and S-nitrosothiols that can kill cells in part by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration or activation of mitochondrial permeability transition, triggering neuronal apoptosis or necrosis.
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Jun
pubmed:issn
0893-7648
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Print
pubmed:volume
27
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
325-55
pubmed:dateRevised
2006-11-15
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
2003
pubmed:articleTitle
Inflammatory neurodegeneration mediated by nitric oxide, glutamate, and mitochondria.
pubmed:affiliation
Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK. gcb@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Review, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't