Linked Life Data

12618912

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/12618912

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
11
pubmed:dateCreated
2003-3-5
pubmed:abstractText
The insect Toll family of proteins and their mammalian counterparts seemingly shared one common ancestor and evolved independently. Here we demonstrated that the prototype of the mammalian-type (M-type) Toll family is shared by the fish and humans. According to the draft of the pufferfish Fugu genome project, the signature Toll-IL-1 receptor homology domain (TIR domain) has been conserved during evolution. FuguTLR2, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 9 members correspond structurally to respective mammalian TLRs. One Fugu TLR showed equally high amino acid identity to human TLR1, 6 and 10, and we named it FuguTLR1. Fugu rubripes has genes for TLR21 and 22, which are unique to fish. One possible interpretation of these findings is that TLR1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 21 and 22 existed in the ancestral genome common to fish and mammals, and that TLR4 was lost in the fish lineage, while TLR21 and 22 were lost in the mammalian lineage. Strikingly, a solitary ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, has only a few Toll-like proteins, which, like Caenorhabditis elegans Toll, represent primitive ones before the expansion of the Toll family. Therefore, the expansion of TLR genes should have occurred earlier than fish, but not C. intestinalis, separated evolutionarily from mammals. These results infer that the appearance of the M-type innate system was completed before or concomitant with the appearance of acquired immunity. We interpret the present data to mean that the differences of TLRs identified in this study between fishes and humans may be rather peripheral, partially due to selection pressure exerted by pathogens in distinct environments.
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Feb
pubmed:issn
0093-7711
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Print
pubmed:volume
54
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
791-800
pubmed:dateRevised
2006-11-15
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed-meshheading:12618912-Amino Acid Sequence, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-Animals, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-Base Sequence, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-DNA, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-Drosophila Proteins, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-Evolution, Molecular, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-Gene Expression, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-Humans, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-Membrane Glycoproteins, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-Molecular Sequence Data, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-Multigene Family, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-Phylogeny, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-Protein Structure, Tertiary, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-RNA, Messenger, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-Receptors, Cell Surface, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-Species Specificity, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-Takifugu, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-Toll-Like Receptor 1, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-Toll-Like Receptor 4, pubmed-meshheading:12618912-Toll-Like Receptors
pubmed:year
2003
pubmed:articleTitle
Prediction of the prototype of the human Toll-like receptor gene family from the pufferfish, Fugu rubripes, genome.
pubmed:affiliation
Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Higashinari-ku, Japan.
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Comparative Study, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't