Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/10770211
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| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| rdf:type | |
| lifeskim:mentions | |
| pubmed:issue |
4
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| pubmed:dateCreated |
2000-5-1
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| pubmed:abstractText |
The female predominance in several autoimmune diseases suggests a role for sex steroid hormones in disease susceptibility. We therefore investigated to what extent sex hormones would influence immune responsiveness. We analyzed T helper type 1 (TH1) and type 2 cytokine patterns, chemokine receptor expression (n = 2 x 10), and Ig levels (n = 2 x 25) in transsexual men and women before and after 4 months of cross-sex hormone administration. Antithyroperoxidase levels were compared between 186 transsexual males (treated >5 yr with estrogens) and 186 male controls. In men, estrogens plus antiandrogens increased free cortisol levels in 24-h urine samples, decreased natural killer cell numbers, and slightly inhibited the mitogen-induced interferon-gamma/interleukin-4 ratio, but up-regulated the expression of TH1-associated chemokine receptors, CCR1, CXCR3, and CCR5. Conversely, in women, androgens slightly decreased free cortisol levels in 24-h urine samples and enhanced the mitogen-induced interferon-gamma/interleukin-4 ratio and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. At the single cell level no TH 1/TH2 shifts were found. Remarkably, up-regulation of TH1 cytokines was accompanied by down-regulation of CCR1, CXCR3, and CCR5 expression. Neither CD4+ lymphocyte numbers nor IgG, IgM, and antithyroperoxidase levels, although higher in women then in men, were affected by cross-sex hormonal treatment. These results demonstrate that the capacity to develop a TH1 phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes is stimulated by androgens and is slightly inhibited by estrogens. These changes may be direct or indirect through the effects on other hormones.
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| pubmed:language |
eng
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| pubmed:journal | |
| pubmed:citationSubset |
AIM
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| pubmed:chemical |
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Androgen Antagonists,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Cyproterone Acetate,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Cytokines,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Ethinyl Estradiol,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Gonadal Steroid Hormones,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Immunoglobulin G,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Immunoglobulin M,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Immunoglobulins,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Receptors, Chemokine,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Testosterone
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| pubmed:status |
MEDLINE
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| pubmed:month |
Apr
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| pubmed:issn |
0021-972X
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| pubmed:author | |
| pubmed:issnType |
Print
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| pubmed:volume |
85
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| pubmed:owner |
NLM
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| pubmed:authorsComplete |
Y
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| pubmed:pagination |
1648-57
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| pubmed:dateRevised |
2004-11-17
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| pubmed:meshHeading |
pubmed-meshheading:10770211-Adolescent,
pubmed-meshheading:10770211-Adult,
pubmed-meshheading:10770211-Androgen Antagonists,
pubmed-meshheading:10770211-CD4 Lymphocyte Count,
pubmed-meshheading:10770211-Cyproterone Acetate,
pubmed-meshheading:10770211-Cytokines,
pubmed-meshheading:10770211-Ethinyl Estradiol,
pubmed-meshheading:10770211-Female,
pubmed-meshheading:10770211-Gonadal Steroid Hormones,
pubmed-meshheading:10770211-Humans,
pubmed-meshheading:10770211-Immunoglobulin G,
pubmed-meshheading:10770211-Immunoglobulin M,
pubmed-meshheading:10770211-Immunoglobulins,
pubmed-meshheading:10770211-Male,
pubmed-meshheading:10770211-Middle Aged,
pubmed-meshheading:10770211-Receptors, Chemokine,
pubmed-meshheading:10770211-T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer,
pubmed-meshheading:10770211-Testosterone,
pubmed-meshheading:10770211-Transsexualism
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| pubmed:year |
2000
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| pubmed:articleTitle |
In vivo effects of sex steroids on lymphocyte responsiveness and immunoglobulin levels in humans.
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| pubmed:affiliation |
Research Institute for Endocrinology, Reproduction, and Metabolism, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. giltay@dds.nl
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| pubmed:publicationType |
Journal Article
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