Linked Life Data

10225537

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/10225537

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:dateCreated
1999-6-14
pubmed:abstractText
The existence of two distinct isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX), which convert arachidonic acid to prostanoids, is now well established. COX-1, which is constitutively expressed in many tissues (including the gastrointestinal tract, platelets, and kidney) is responsible for producing prostanoids that regulate normal housekeeping or physiologic functions. In contrast, COX-2 is the inducible form responsible for the production of prostanoids in response to a variety of evoking stimuli in different tissues and for mediation of inflammation and pain in certain diseases. Since the identification of COX-2, a great deal of research has been devoted to elucidating and understanding its molecular and physiologic characteristics. As a result of research into the differences between COX-1 and COX-2, new insights into the role of each isoform in normal homeostasis and in their responses to exogenous stimuli have emerged. Besides its induction in cells at inflammatory sites, COX-2 is known to be induced in the kidney in response to sodium depletion or in hyperfiltration states; in postsynaptic excitatory neurons in the brain after electroconvulsive stimulation, in the ovary and uterus during ovulation and implantation; in intestinal epithelium after bacterial infection; as well as in colon adenoma and carcinoma cells. These findings, largely from animal studies, have suggested a broader spectrum of biologic activity of COX-2 and potential alterations of specific physiologic or protective mechanisms by inhibition of COX-2, as well as potential new clinical targets of therapy with COX-2 inhibitors. As COX-2 appears to play an important role in pathologic processes other than pain and inflammation, ongoing research is investigating the potential utility of COX-2 inhibitors in other conditions, such as colonic polyposis, colorectal cancer, and Alzheimer's disease.
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Apr
pubmed:issn
0380-0903
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Print
pubmed:volume
56
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
25-30
pubmed:dateRevised
2005-11-17
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
1999
pubmed:articleTitle
Specific COX-2 inhibitors in arthritis, oncology, and beyond: where is the science headed?
pubmed:affiliation
Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 75235-8884, USA.
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Review