Linked Life Data

9619187

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/9619187

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:dateCreated
1998-6-23
pubmed:abstractText
Twelve patients with focal damage of the frontal cortex and 12 patients with mild, medicated, early stage Parkinson's disease switched between letter- and digit=naming tasks on every second trial of a task-switching paradigm. Compared with age- and IQ-matched control performance, patients with left-sided, but not right-sided, frontal damage exhibited markedly increased time costs associated with these predictable switches only when there was a general incidence of interference or 'crosstalk' between the tasks, and particularly so when the available task cues were relatively weak and arbitrary. The same patients also showed evidence of an increased sensitivity to the facilitatory and inhibitory effects of previous processing, when required to switch between tasks. Both groups of patients (with left- or right-sided frontal damage) exhibited slow, disorganized performance early in practice. In contrast to these frontal effects, the Parkinson's disease patients showed little indication of larger time costs of task switches but they did show progressive increases in the error costs, while age- and IQ-matched control subjects showed reductions. We propose that while both left and right frontal cortical areas are involved in the organization of cognitive and motor processes in situations involving novel task demands, only the left frontal cortex is involved in the dynamic reconfiguring between already-established task-sets, and specifically, that it is the site of an executive mechanism responsible for the modulation of exogenous task-set activity. Finally, dopaminergic transmission, along the nigrostriatal pathway, may be implicated in sustaining various cognitive and motor processes over prolonged periods, including the operation of those executive control mechanisms that accomplish reconfiguring between task-sets.
pubmed:grant
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
AIM
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
May
pubmed:issn
0006-8950
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Print
pubmed:volume
121 ( Pt 5)
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
815-42
pubmed:dateRevised
2009-9-29
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
1998
pubmed:articleTitle
Dissociating executive mechanisms of task control following frontal lobe damage and Parkinson's disease.
pubmed:affiliation
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK.
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't