9223476

pubmed:Citation

8

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) normally enters cells by direct fusion with the plasma membrane. In this report, HIV-1 particles capable of infecting cells through an endocytic pathway are described. Chimeric viruses composed of the HIV-1 core and the envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) were constructed and are herein termed HIV-1(VSV) pseudotypes. HIV-1(VSV) pseudotypes were 20- to 130-fold more infectious than nonpseudotyped HIV-1. Infection by HIV-1(VSV) pseudotypes was markedly diminished by ammonium chloride and concanamycin A, a selective inhibitor of vacuolar H+ ATPases, demonstrating that these viruses require endosomal acidification to achieve productive infection. HIV-1 is thus capable of performing all of the viral functions necessary for infection when entry is targeted to an endocytic route. Maximal HIV-1 infectivity requires the presence of the viral Nef protein and the cellular protein cyclophilin A (CyPA) during virus assembly. Pseudotyping by VSV-G markedly suppressed the requirement for Nef. HIV-1(VSV) particles were also resistant to inhibition by cyclosporin A; however, the deleterious effect of a gag mutation inhibiting CyPA incorporation was not relieved by VSV-G. These results suggest that Nef acts at a step of the HIV-1 life cycle that is either circumvented or facilitated by targeting virus entry to an endocytic pathway. The findings also support the hypothesis that Nef and CyPA enhance HIV-1 infectivity through independent processes and demonstrate a mechanistic difference between reduction of HIV-1 infectivity by cyclosporin A and gag mutations that decrease HIV-1 incorporation of CyPA.

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http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/journal/0113724

http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Amino Acid Isomerases, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Carrier Proteins, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Cyclosporine, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/G protein, vesicular stomatitis..., http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Gene Products, gag, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Gene Products, nef, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Immunosuppressive Agents, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Membrane Glycoproteins, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Peptidylprolyl Isomerase, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Viral Envelope Proteins, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/nef Gene Products, Human...

Aug

pubmed-author:AikenCC

71

Y

2009-11-18

1997

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2363, USA. chris.aiken@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu