Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
1
pubmed:dateCreated
1996-9-17
pubmed:abstractText
Pigeons were exposed to self-control procedures that involved illumination of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a form of token reinforcement. In a discrete-trials arrangement, subjects chose between one and three LEDs; each LED was exchangeable for 2-s access to food during distinct posttrial exchange periods. In Experiment 1, subjects generally preferred the immediate presentation of a single LED over the delayed presentation of three LEDs, but differences in the delay to the exchange period between the two options prevented a clear assessment of the relative influence of LED delay and exchange-period delay as determinants of choice. In Experiment 2, in which delays to the exchange period from either alternative were equal in most conditions, all subjects preferred the delayed three LEDs more often than in Experiment-1. In Experiment 3, subjects preferred the option that resulted in a greater amount of food more often if the choices also produced LEDs than if they did not. In Experiment 4, preference for the delayed three LEDs was obtained when delays to the exchange period were equal, but reversed in favor of an immediate single LED when the latter choice also resulted in quicker access to exchange periods. The overall pattern of results suggests that (a) delay to the exchange period is a more critical determinant of choice than is delay to token presentation; (b) tokens may function as conditioned reinforcers, although their discriminative properties may be responsible for the self-control that occurs under token reinforcer arrangements; and (c) previously reported differences in the self-control choices of humans and pigeons may have resulted at least in part from the procedural conventions of using token reinforcers with human subjects and food reinforcers with pigeon subjects.
pubmed:grant
pubmed:commentsCorrections
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-16811227, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-16811307, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-16811561, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-16811760, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-16811869, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-16812082, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-16812101, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-16812358, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-16812528, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-16812575, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-16812652, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-16812692, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-16812760, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-1763904, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-2037827, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-2794844, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-3351438, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-3760749, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-5337694, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-5625463, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-7964366, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/8755699-8433066
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Jul
pubmed:issn
0022-5002
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Print
pubmed:volume
66
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
29-49
pubmed:dateRevised
2010-9-13
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
1996
pubmed:articleTitle
Token reinforcement, choice, and self-control in pigeons.
pubmed:affiliation
Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA. hack@webb.psych.ufl.edu
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't