| pubmed-article:8712873 | rdf:type | pubmed:Citation | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:8712873 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0003873 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0439793 | lld:lifeskim |
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| pubmed-article:8712873 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0029151 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:issue | 2 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:dateCreated | 1996-9-9 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:abstractText | To investigate the influence of breast feeding, use of the oral contraceptive pill (OCP), and parity on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:language | eng | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:journal | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:citationSubset | IM | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:status | MEDLINE | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:month | Feb | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:issn | 0003-4967 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:SanyJJ | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:JorgensenCC | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:BolognaCC | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:PicotM CMC | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:issnType | Print | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:volume | 55 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:owner | NLM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:authorsComplete | Y | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:pagination | 94-8 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:dateRevised | 2009-11-18 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:otherAbstract | PIP: In France, researchers compared data on 176 women 25-84 years old who had been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis at Gui de Chauliac Hospital in Montpellier and who had had at least 1 birth with data on 145 healthy female controls to examine the influence of oral contraceptives (OCs), breast feeding, and parity on rheumatoid arthritis. Women who used OCs for fewer than 5 years were less likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis than nonusers (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.713), but the difference was not significant. OC use before onset of rheumatoid arthritis was less common in women with severe rheumatoid arthritis than in those with mild rheumatoid arthritis (21.7% vs. 44%; p 0.0001). OC use of more than 5 years had a protective effect against severe rheumatoid arthritis. When adjusted for age at birth, OC use, and breast feeding, parities 2 and 3 increased the risk of developing severe rheumatoid arthritis 2.9 and 4.8 fold, respectively (p 0.0001). 46% of cases with severe disease had totally breastfed for more than 6 months compared to 26% of those with mild rheumatoid arthritis (p 0.02). After adjusting for age, parity, and OC use, breast feeding duration of more than 6 months did not increase the risk of severe rheumatoid arthritis. Women with severe rheumatoid arthritis were more likely to have breastfed more children than those with mild disease (29% vs. 9%; p 0.008). After adjustment for age at birth, OC use, and parity, having breastfed at least 3 children increased the risk of severe disease (AOR = 1.4). These findings show that parity and, to a lesser extent, breast feeding worsened the prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis, while OC use has a protective effect against severe disease. The underlying mechanisms for these effects may involve prolactin and estrogen but further research in the field of immunoendocrinology is needed to determine the mechanisms. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:8712873-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:8712873-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:8712873-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:8712873-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:8712873-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:8712873-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:8712873-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:8712873-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:8712873-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:8712873-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:8712873-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:8712873-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:8712873-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:8712873-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:8712873-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:year | 1996 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:articleTitle | Oral contraception, parity, breast feeding, and severity of rheumatoid arthritis. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:affiliation | Immuno-Rheumatology Department, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:publicationType | Journal Article | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:8712873 | pubmed:publicationType | Comparative Study | lld:pubmed |
