5360257

pubmed:Citation

8

http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Biology, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Clinical Research, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Comparative Studies, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraception, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraception Termination, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraceptive Effectiveness, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraceptive Methods, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraceptive Methods--side effects, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraceptive Mode Of Action, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Diseases, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Evaluation, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Examinations And Diagnoses, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Family Planning, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Histology, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Ingredients And Chemicals, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Inorganic Chemicals, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Iud, Unmedicated, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Iud Material, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Iud--side effects, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/METALS, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Menstruation Disorders, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Research Methodology, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Research Report, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/SIZE, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Studies, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Use-effectiveness

http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/journal/0370476

http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Copper

Dec

pubmed-author:MedelMM, pubmed-author:PasteneLL, pubmed-author:RiveraMM, pubmed-author:TatumH JHJ, pubmed-author:ZipperJ AJA

15

NLM

1274-8

PIP: 605 women were inserted with plain T-IUDs, 508 patients were inserted with TCu-A devices, and 279 women were inserted with TCu-B devices. In the TCu-A, a 2 cm length of copper wire of .5 mm diameter was wound around the upper aspect of the vertical arm of the T-IUD. In the TCu-B, a 6 cm length of wire of .15 mm diameter was coiled downward over a 1 cm distance. The surface area of copper was 30 mm in both prototypes. The data derived from the 3 series of patients were tabulated and analyzed utilizing the Life Table method of Tietze. Endometrial biopsies were obtained from randomly selected patients. Results showed that after 2 years of use, the plain T device had a significantly lower rate of metrorrhagia than had been reported for any other contraceptive device. The rate was approximately 6 times less than that observed with the Lippes loop D. Pain was a negligible cause for closure during the 2 year period. The T device had a rate of pregnancy of 24.3 which is 6 times the pregnancy rate of the Lippes loop D. The first expulsion rate was 4.5, but the rate for later expulsions was .4. When a small qlantity of copper was added to the T there was a dramatic and highly significant reduction in the rate of pregnancy. At the end of 2 years of use the rate was 9.8 for the TCu-A. Other clinical parameters also were apparently modified by the metallic copper. The expulsion rate was reduced, the rate of metrorrhagia was slightly increased, and the rate of pain may have been increased. During the same lenght of time the rate of removal for loop D because of bleeding and/or pain is approximately 3 times greater than for the T with copper. Reductions in both expulsion and removal rates of TCu because of medical reasons constituted the principal factors accounting for the continuation rate of 77.6 as compared with 65.6 for loop D at the end of 2 years of use.

1969

Journal Article