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rdf:type |
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lifeskim:mentions |
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pubmed:issue |
5
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pubmed:dateCreated |
1987-4-13
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pubmed:abstractText |
This investigation, using a case-control analysis approach on an IUD data set from a less-developed country center, delineated four risk factors in patient characteristics that are associated with severe pain at interval IUD insertion. They are: higher education (greater than or equal to seven years), low-parity (1-2 live births), longer open interval (greater than or equal to 13 months) between the end of the last pregnancy and insertion, and non-breastfeeding at the time of insertion. Adjusted relative risks estimated by odds ratios are 2.1, 2.7, 2.7 and 5.0, respectively. For women with a combination of the above risk factors, they have a further increased (additive in nature) risk of suffering severe insertion pain. Similar analysis was also performed on a developed country center data set for which only the effect of education and parity could be studied; an odds ratio of 5.0 for nulliparity was obtained. The plausibility of these findings as well as their clinical and programmatic implications are discussed.
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pubmed:keyword |
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Acceptor Characteristics,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Acceptors,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Americas,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Breast Feeding,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Central America,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraception,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraceptive Methods,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Data Analysis,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Demographic Factors,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Developed Countries,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Developing Countries,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Diseases,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Economic Factors,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Educational Status,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Europe,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Family Planning,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Family Planning Programs,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Fertility,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Fertility Measurements,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Germany, Federal Republic Of,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Guatemala,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Health,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Infant Nutrition,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Insertion,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Iud,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Latin America,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/North America,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Northern America,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Nutrition,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/PAIN,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Parity,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Population,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Population Dynamics,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Research Methodology,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Research Report,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Signs And Symptoms,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Socioeconomic Factors,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Socioeconomic Status,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Treatment,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/United States,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Western Europe
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pubmed:language |
eng
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pubmed:journal |
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pubmed:citationSubset |
IM
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pubmed:status |
MEDLINE
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pubmed:month |
Nov
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pubmed:issn |
0010-7824
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pubmed:author |
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pubmed:issnType |
Print
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pubmed:volume |
34
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pubmed:owner |
NLM
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pubmed:authorsComplete |
Y
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pubmed:pagination |
483-95
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pubmed:dateRevised |
2006-11-15
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pubmed:otherAbstract |
PIP: This investigation, using a case-control analysis approach on an intrauterine device (IUD) data set from a less-developed country center, delineated 4 risk factors in patient characteristics that are associated with severe pain at interval IUD insertion. They are: higher education ( or = 7 years) low parity (1-2 live births), longer open interval ( or = 13 months) between the end of the last pregnancy and insertion, and non-breast feeding at the time of insertion. Adjusted relative risks estimated by odds ratios are 2.1, 2.7, 2.7, and 5.0 respectively. For women with a combination of the above risk factors, they have a further increased (additive in nature) risk of suffering severe insertion pain. Similar analysis was also performed on a developed country center data set for which only the effect of education and parity could be studied; an odds ratio of 5.0 for nulliparity was obtained. Better educated women are probably less inhibited to complain of pain than less-educated women. A tighter uterine cervix and a smaller uterine cavity in women of low parity may account for IUD insertion pain. Postpartum involution of the uterus could explain pain upon insertion for women with a long open interval. These findings support the hypothesis that cervical stretching and direct endometrial pressure are probably the most important factors for IUD insertion pain.
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pubmed:meshHeading |
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pubmed:year |
1986
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pubmed:articleTitle |
Severe pain at interval IUD insertion: a case-control analysis of patient risk factors.
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pubmed:publicationType |
Journal Article,
Comparative Study,
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
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