Linked Life Data

238461

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/238461

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:dateCreated
1975-10-11
pubmed:abstractText
In the striated muscle of the upper esophageal sphincter, tonic maintenance of closure is probably mediated via tonic central excitation of the extrinsic motor innervation; relaxation represents central inhibition of this mechanism. The motor nerves are probably cholinergic and act through nicotinic receptors like those of somatic striated muscle. In the striated muscle of the esophageal body, swallowing-induced contraction is also probably a cholinergic and nicotinic response. In the smooth muscle of the esophageal body, the control of contractions is cholinergic and muscarinic in part, but there is evidence for a nonadrenergic and noncholinergic component as well. The muscarinic component may arise from the cholinergic innervation of the longitudinal muscle layer. The other component may lie in the cryptic innervation of the circular muscular layer. In the smooth-muscled lower esophageal sphincter, resting closure tension appears to reflect a variety of possible control mechanisms. No single control system predominates. The evidence for muscarinic excitation is equivocal. An excitatory adrenergic alpha mechanism and inhibitory adrenergic beta receptors may contribute. A role for the polypeptide hormones from the gastrointestinal tract seems unlikely. Relaxation of the lower sphincter with swallowing seems not to involve any of these mechanisms, but is apparently accomplished by nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory nerves like those present elsewhere in the gut (87). The possibility that the transmitter of these nerves is an adenine nucleotide has been raised from studies of other parts of the gut, but that hypothesis has not yet been examined critically in the lower esophageal sphincter.
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:issn
0066-4251
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Print
pubmed:volume
15
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
243-58
pubmed:dateRevised
2004-11-17
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
1975
pubmed:articleTitle
Pharmacology of the esophageal motor funciton.
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article