Linked Life Data

21460835

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/21460835

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
7344
pubmed:dateCreated
2011-4-28
pubmed:abstractText
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a unique form of neural circuit plasticity that results in the generation of new neurons in the dentate gyrus throughout life. Neurons that arise in adults (adult-born neurons) show heightened synaptic plasticity during their maturation and can account for up to ten per cent of the entire granule cell population. Moreover, levels of adult hippocampal neurogenesis are increased by interventions that are associated with beneficial effects on cognition and mood, such as learning, environmental enrichment, exercise and chronic treatment with antidepressants. Together, these properties of adult neurogenesis indicate that this process could be harnessed to improve hippocampal functions. However, despite a substantial number of studies demonstrating that adult-born neurons are necessary for mediating specific cognitive functions, as well as some of the behavioural effects of antidepressants, it is unknown whether an increase in adult hippocampal neurogenesis is sufficient to improve cognition and mood. Here we show that inducible genetic expansion of the population of adult-born neurons through enhancing their survival improves performance in a specific cognitive task in which two similar contexts need to be distinguished. Mice with increased adult hippocampal neurogenesis show normal object recognition, spatial learning, contextual fear conditioning and extinction learning but are more efficient in differentiating between overlapping contextual representations, which is indicative of enhanced pattern separation. Furthermore, stimulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, when combined with an intervention such as voluntary exercise, produces a robust increase in exploratory behaviour. However, increasing adult hippocampal neurogenesis alone does not produce a behavioural response like that induced by anxiolytic agents or antidepressants. Together, our findings suggest that strategies that are designed to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis specifically, by targeting the cell death of adult-born neurons or by other mechanisms, may have therapeutic potential for reversing impairments in pattern separation and dentate gyrus dysfunction such as those seen during normal ageing.
pubmed:grant
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Apr
pubmed:issn
1476-4687
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Electronic
pubmed:day
28
pubmed:volume
472
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
466-70
pubmed:dateRevised
2011-10-28
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Affect, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Aging, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Animals, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Antidepressive Agents, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Anxiety, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Apoptosis, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Cell Survival, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Cognition, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Conditioning, Classical, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Dentate Gyrus, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Exploratory Behavior, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Extinction, Psychological, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Fear, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Female, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Hippocampus, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Learning, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Long-Term Potentiation, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Male, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Memory, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Mice, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Mice, Knockout, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Mice, Transgenic, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Models, Neurological, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Neural Stem Cells, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Neurogenesis, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Neuronal Plasticity, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Physical Conditioning, Animal, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-Synapses, pubmed-meshheading:21460835-bcl-2-Associated X Protein
pubmed:year
2011
pubmed:articleTitle
Increasing adult hippocampal neurogenesis is sufficient to improve pattern separation.
pubmed:affiliation
Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA. as2619@columbia.edu
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural