Linked Life Data

21079681

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/21079681

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
11
pubmed:dateCreated
2010-11-16
pubmed:abstractText
Natural killer (NK) cells serve essential functions in immunity and reproduction. Diversifying these functions within individuals and populations are rapidly-evolving interactions between highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I ligands and variable NK cell receptors. Specific to simian primates is the family of Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR), which recognize MHC class I and associate with a range of human diseases. Because KIR have considerable species-specificity and are lacking from common animal models, we performed extensive comparison of the systems of KIR and MHC class I interaction in humans and chimpanzees. Although of similar complexity, they differ in genomic organization, gene content, and diversification mechanisms, mainly because of human-specific specialization in the KIR that recognizes the C1 and C2 epitopes of MHC-B and -C. Humans uniquely focused KIR recognition on MHC-C, while losing C1-bearing MHC-B. Reversing this trend, C1-bearing HLA-B46 was recently driven to unprecedented high frequency in Southeast Asia. Chimpanzees have a variety of ancient, avid, and predominantly inhibitory receptors, whereas human receptors are fewer, recently evolved, and combine avid inhibitory receptors with attenuated activating receptors. These differences accompany human-specific evolution of the A and B haplotypes that are under balancing selection and differentially function in defense and reproduction. Our study shows how the qualitative differences that distinguish the human and chimpanzee systems of KIR and MHC class I predominantly derive from adaptations on the human line in response to selective pressures placed on human NK cells by the competing needs of defense and reproduction.
pubmed:grant
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Nov
pubmed:issn
1553-7404
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Electronic
pubmed:volume
6
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
e1001192
pubmed:dateRevised
2011-11-17
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed-meshheading:21079681-Adaptation, Physiological, pubmed-meshheading:21079681-Animals, pubmed-meshheading:21079681-Asia, Southeastern, pubmed-meshheading:21079681-Biological Evolution, pubmed-meshheading:21079681-Epitopes, pubmed-meshheading:21079681-HLA-B Antigens, pubmed-meshheading:21079681-Haplotypes, pubmed-meshheading:21079681-Histocompatibility Antigens, pubmed-meshheading:21079681-Humans, pubmed-meshheading:21079681-Killer Cells, Natural, pubmed-meshheading:21079681-Ligands, pubmed-meshheading:21079681-Pan troglodytes, pubmed-meshheading:21079681-Phylogeny, pubmed-meshheading:21079681-Protein Structure, Tertiary, pubmed-meshheading:21079681-Receptors, KIR, pubmed-meshheading:21079681-Recombination, Genetic, pubmed-meshheading:21079681-Selection, Genetic, pubmed-meshheading:21079681-Signal Transduction, pubmed-meshheading:21079681-Species Specificity
pubmed:year
2010
pubmed:articleTitle
Human-specific evolution and adaptation led to major qualitative differences in the variable receptors of human and chimpanzee natural killer cells.
pubmed:affiliation
Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America.
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural