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pubmed-article:20600463pubmed:abstractTextThe primary objective of the present study was to examine whether a combination of parent-child DRD4 genotypes results in more informative biomarkers of oppositional, separation anxiety, and repetitive behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Based on prior research indicating the 7-repeat allele as a potential risk variant, participants were sorted into one of four combinations of parent-child genotypes. Owing to the possibility of parent-of-origin effects, analyses were conducted separately for mother-child (MC) and father-child (FC) dyads. Mothers completed a validated DSM-IV-referenced rating scale. Partial eta-squared (?p(2)) was used to determine the magnitude of group differences: 0.01-0.06=small, 0.06-0.14=moderate, and >0.14=large. Analyses indicated that children in MC dyads with matched genotypes had the least (7-/7-) and most (7+/7+) severe mother-rated oppositional-defiant (?p(2)=0.11) and separation anxiety (?p(2)=0.19) symptoms. Conversely, youths in FC dyads with matched genotypes had the least (7-/7-) and most (7+/7+) severe obsessive-compulsive behaviors (?p(2)=0.19) and tics (?p(2)=0.18). Youths whose parents were both noncarriers had less severe tics than peers with at least one parental carrier, and the effect size was large (?p(2)=0.16). There was little evidence that noncarrier children were rated more severely by mothers who were carriers versus noncarriers. Transmission Disequilibrium Test analyses provided preliminary evidence for undertransmission of the 2-repeat allele in youths with more severe tics (p=0.02). Parent genotype may be helpful in constructing prognostic biomarkers for behavioral disturbances in ASD; however, findings are tentative pending replication with larger, independent samples.lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:20600463pubmed:copyrightInfoCopyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:20600463pubmed:articleTitleParent-child DRD4 genotype as a potential biomarker for oppositional, anxiety, and repetitive behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:20600463pubmed:affiliationDepartment of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cody Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities (Pediatrics), Putnam Hall, South Campus, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8790, USA. kenneth.gadow@stonybrook.edulld:pubmed
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