Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) contributes to the pathogenesis of Peyronie's disease (PD). Pentoxifylline (PTX) antagonizes the effects of TGF-beta1 and has been utilized in our clinic for the management of PD although the mechanisms of action are not entirely clear.
Pentoxifylline attenuates transforming growth factor-beta1-stimulated elastogenesis in human tunica albuginea-derived fibroblasts part 2: Interference in a TGF-beta1/Smad-dependent mechanism and downregulation of AAT1.
Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0738, United States. glin@urology.ucsf.edu