Hydrocephalus is a prototypical chronic condition that follows children into adulthood. The objectives of this study were to (1) review how the health care needs of young adults with hydrocephalus are not being met, (2) estimate the numbers of adults with childhood-onset hydrocephalus, (3) describe a novel program to provide care for young adults with hydrocephalus and other chronic pediatric conditions, and (4) propose national strategies to promote successful hydrocephalus transition care.