pubmed:abstractText |
The aim of this study was to determine whether growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) predicts mortality and morbidity after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Growth differentiation factor-15, a transforming growth factor-beta-related cytokine which is up-regulated in cardiomyocytes via multiple stress pathways, predicts mortality in patients with heart failure treated pharmacologically.
|
pubmed:affiliation |
Department of Cardiology, University of Birmingham, Good Hope Hospital, Heart of England NHS Trust, Rectory Road, Sutton Coldfield, West Midlands, UK.
|