Linked Life Data

19660816

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/19660816

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
1-2
pubmed:dateCreated
2009-9-16
pubmed:abstractText
In the present study, we examine whether prothrombin kringle-2 (pKr-2), a domain of prothrombin distinct from thrombin and a potent microglial activator induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through stimulation of microglial NADPH oxidase activity, and whether this phenomenon contributes to oxidative damage and consequent neurodegeneration. Intracortical injection of pKr-2 caused significant loss of cortical neurons in vivo after seven days, as evident from Nissl staining and immunohistochemical analysis using the neuronal-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) antibody. In parallel, pKr-2-activated microglia and ROS production were observed in rat cortex displaying degeneration of cortical neurons. Reverse transcription-PCR at various time points after pKr-2 administration disclosed early and transient expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta). Co-localization of iNOS, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha within microglia was evident with double-label immunohistochemistry. Additionally, pKr-2 induced upregulation of cytosolic components of NADPH oxidase (p67(phox)), translocation of cytosolic p67(phox) protein to the membrane, and p67(phox) expression in microglia in the cortex in vivo, signifying NADPH oxidase activation. The pKr-2-induced oxidation of proteins and loss of cortical neurons were partially inhibited by DPI, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, and trolox, an antioxidant. Consistent with our hypothesis, following treatment with pKr-2 in vitro, neurotoxicity was detected exclusively in co-cultures of cortical neurons and microglia, but not in microglia-free neuron-enriched cortical cultures, indicating that microglia are required for pKr-2 neurotoxicity. Our results strongly suggest that pKr-2 as an endogenous compound participates in cortical neuron death through microglial NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative stress.
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Sep
pubmed:issn
1872-8421
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Electronic
pubmed:day
29
pubmed:volume
214
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
83-92
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Animals, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Antioxidants, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Apoptosis, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Blotting, Western, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Cerebral Cortex, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Chromans, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Coculture Techniques, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Enzyme Activation, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Female, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Fluorescent Antibody Technique, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Immunohistochemistry, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Kringles, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Microglia, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-NADPH Oxidase, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Neurons, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Oxidative Stress, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Prothrombin, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Rats, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Rats, Sprague-Dawley, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Reactive Oxygen Species, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Singlet Oxygen, pubmed-meshheading:19660816-Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
pubmed:year
2009
pubmed:articleTitle
Prothrombin kringle-2-induced oxidative stress contributes to the death of cortical neurons in vivo and in vitro: role of microglial NADPH oxidase.
pubmed:affiliation
Brain Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-479, South Korea.
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, In Vitro, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't