Ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO(2) ratio) and the partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (P(ET)CO(2)), obtained during moderate to high levels of physical exertion demonstrate prognostic value in heart failure (HF). The present investigation assesses the clinical utility of these variables during low-intensity exercise.
Ventilatory expired gas at constant-rate low-intensity exercise predicts adverse events and is related to neurohormonal markers in patients with heart failure.
