High heart rate and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are both risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The relationship between heart rate and the risk of developing CKD, however, has not been studied in a large screened cohort.
Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan. imtak-ryk@umin.ac.jp