Linked Life Data

19360321

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/19360321

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
5
pubmed:dateCreated
2009-4-10
pubmed:abstractText
Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is used as a clinical marker of hepatotoxicity. Three forms of human ALT have been identified, ALT1 and 2 and an alternative splice variant of ALT2 (herein called ALT2_2). The standard ALT activity assay does not discriminate between ALT from different organs, or the isoforms measured in the plasma. Here, we show that ALT1 and 2 possess similar enzymatic activity for alanine and pyruvate but with different Km and kcat values, while recombinant ALT2_2 protein does not possess any enzymatic activity. Isolation of organelles from cultured human skeletal muscle cells, showed localisation of ALT2 to the mitochondrial fraction and endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), but not to the cytosol. In human hepatocytes, on the other hand, ALT1 was only localised to the cytosol and ER, with no detection in mitochondria. ALT2 was not detected in cultured human hepatocytes, liver extract or tissue using Western blotting or immunohistochemistry. The islet of Langerhans and cardiomyocytes were other examples of cells with high expression of catalytic ALT2. A clinical method for selective measurement of ALT1 and 2 in human plasma is described, and both ALT1 and 2 were immunoprecipitated from human plasma and structurally detected using Western blotting techniques.
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
May
pubmed:issn
1107-3756
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Print
pubmed:volume
23
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
621-31
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
2009
pubmed:articleTitle
Detection of the mitochondrial and catalytically active alanine aminotransferase in human tissues and plasma.
pubmed:affiliation
Safety Assessment, Molecular Toxicology, AstraZeneca, S-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden. bjorn.glinghammar@astrazeneca.com
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Evaluation Studies