Linked Life Data

19233481

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/19233481

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
3
pubmed:dateCreated
2009-7-20
pubmed:abstractText
Cocaine use diminishes striatal and midbrain dopamine neuronal components in both post-mortem and in vivo human experiments. The diffuse nature of these declines suggests the possibility that cocaine use might cause a loss of dopamine neurons in humans. Previous rodent studies have not detected cocaine-induced dopamine cell damage. The present experiment involved counting midbrain dopamine neurons utilizing both melanin and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity. Well-preserved blocks ranging from +38 mm obex to +45 mm obex were examined in 10 cocaine users and 9 controls. Sections were also examined for signs of acute pathological injury by counting activated macrophages and microglia. Melanized cells at six midbrain levels were significantly reduced in cocaine users by both drug exposures. The estimated total number of melanized dopamine cells in the anterior midbrain was significantly reduced in cocaine users by 16%. Results with tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity were less conclusive because of variability in staining. Both activated macrophages and activated microglia were significantly increased among cocaine users. Cocaine exposure may have neurotoxic effects on dopamine neurons in humans. The infiltration of phagocytic cells suggests that the lower number of dopamine cells found in cocaine users was a relatively recent effect. The loss of dopamine cells could contribute to and intensify cocaine dependence, as well as anhedonic and depressive symptoms, in some cocaine users. Further efforts at clarifying the pathophysiological mechanisms involved may help explain treatment refractoriness, and identify targets for therapeutic intervention.
pubmed:grant
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Aug
pubmed:issn
0165-1781
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Print
pubmed:day
15
pubmed:volume
168
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
173-80
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Adolescent, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Adult, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Analysis of Variance, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Antigens, CD, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Cell Count, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Cocaine, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Cocaine-Related Disorders, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Dopamine, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Female, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Humans, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Male, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Mesencephalon, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Middle Aged, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Neurons, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Plant Lectins, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Protein Binding, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Tritium, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase, pubmed-meshheading:19233481-Young Adult
pubmed:year
2009
pubmed:articleTitle
Decreased brain dopamine cell numbers in human cocaine users.
pubmed:affiliation
Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States. karleyl@bcm.edu
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural