Linked Life Data

19184645

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/19184645

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
192
pubmed:dateCreated
2009-2-2
pubmed:abstractText
Nicotine underlies tobacco addiction, influences tobacco use patterns, and is used as a pharmacological aid to smoking cessation. The absorption, distribution and disposition characteristics of nicotine from tobacco and medicinal products are reviewed. Nicotine is metabolized primarily by the liver enzymes CYP2A6, UDPglucuronosyltransferase (UGT), and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO). In addition to genetic factors, nicotine metabolism is influenced by diet and meals, age, sex, use of estrogen-containing hormone preparations, pregnancy and kidney disease, other medications, and smoking itself. Substantial racial/ethnic differences are observed in nicotine metabolism, which are likely influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The most widely used biomarker of nicotine intake is cotinine, which may be measured in blood, urine, saliva, hair, or nails. The current optimal plasma cotinine cut-point to distinguish smokers from non-smokers in the general US population is 3 ng ml(-1). This cut-point is much lower than that established 20 years ago, reflecting less secondhand smoke exposure due to clear air policies and more light or occasional smoking.
pubmed:grant
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:issn
0171-2004
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Print
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
29-60
pubmed:dateRevised
2010-12-3
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
2009
pubmed:articleTitle
Nicotine chemistry, metabolism, kinetics and biomarkers.
pubmed:affiliation
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of California, San Francisco, P. O. Box 1220, San Francisco, CA 94143-1220, USA. nbenowitz@medsfgh.ucsf.edu
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Review, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural