Linked Life Data

1908716

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/1908716

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
4
pubmed:dateCreated
1991-10-2
pubmed:abstractText
Sustained-release progestin contraceptives are a new approach to meeting a worldwide need for more effective and acceptable birth control. These contraceptive systems provide low, stable levels of synthetic progestins for periods of months to several years. Unlike earlier injectable and oral contraceptives, they do not cause peaks in progestin levels beyond those required for effective contraception, nor do they employ estrogens. For these reasons, sustained-release progestin systems are without some of the health risks attributed to birth control pills, and they are more effective, as well as easy to use, and completely reversible. They share common side effects, the most frequent of which is irregular menstrual bleeding caused by the erratic shedding of hypotrophic endometrium. Despite this and other minor side effects, most users find the sustained-release systems acceptable alternatives to other methods of contraception. Permanent or biodegradable subdermal implants, injections, intrauterine and intracervical devices, and vaginal rings are all employed as delivery systems for contraceptive progestins. The Norplant (Wyeth Ayerst, Radnor, PA) system, consisting of six silastic tubes filled with levonorgestrel and implanted under the skin, was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and is already used by more than a half million women worldwide. The other sustained-release systems are in various stages of development, at least several years away from general use. When these new methods complete clinical trials, women will be able to choose from among implants, injections, or pellets with various durations of action, all providing convenient, highly effective contraception with low risk to health.
pubmed:keyword
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Biodegradable Delivery Systems, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Biology, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraception, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraceptive Agents..., http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraceptive Agents..., http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraceptive Agents..., http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraceptive Agents..., http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraceptive..., http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraceptive..., http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraceptive Effectiveness, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraceptive Implants--beneficial..., http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraceptive Implants--indications, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraceptive Methods--beneficial..., http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Contraceptive Methods--indications, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Economic Factors, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Family Planning, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/LIPIDS, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Levonorgestrel--administraction and..., http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Levonorgestrel--pharmacodynamics, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Lipid Metabolic Effects, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Physiology, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Research And Development, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Reversibility, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/TECHNOLOGY
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Aug
pubmed:issn
1040-872X
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Print
pubmed:volume
3
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
470-6
pubmed:dateRevised
2006-11-15
pubmed:otherAbstract
PIP: Sustained released progestin-containing subdermal implants, the first new contraceptives to be released in 30 years, have the advantages of being easy to use, completely reversible, highly effective, and free of some of the health risks associated with combined oral contraceptives. The Norplant implant system, consisting of 6 levonorgestrel-filled silastic capsules, is being used by more than 500,000 women around the world and was approved for use in the US in late-1990. Because Norplant does not contain estrogen, it can be used safely by women with elevated blood pressure or a history of thromboembolic disease. Clinical trials have revealed first-year continuation rates of 76-90% compared with 50% for the pill. The most common reasons for requesting removal of Norplant are menstrual irregularity (prolonged menstrual bleeding, spotting between periods, or amenorrhea), headache, and weight gain. Plasma levonorgestrel concentrations are below contraceptive levels within 48 hours of removal, and most women resume normal ovulatory cycles during the first month after method discontinuation. Studies of carbohydrate metabolism, liver function, blood coagulation, immunoglobulin levels, serum cortisol levels, and blood chemistries have failed to reveal significant alterations in Norplant acceptors. Although some studies have recorded reductions in cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, lipoprotein levels return to pretreatment values by the end of the first year of use. Biodegradable implants that eliminate the need for surgical removal and implants that provide contraceptive protection for only 1-2 years could further increase the affordability and acceptability of this method. Under development are the Capronor and norethindrone/cholesterol pellet systems, both of which are shorter term and biodegradable.
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
1991
pubmed:articleTitle
Subdermal progestin implant contraception.
pubmed:affiliation
University of California, San Francisco.
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Review