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Linear and nonlinear systems analysis are tools that can be used to study communication systems like the visual system. The first step of systems analysis often is to test whether or not the system is linear. Retinal pathways are surprisingly linear, and some neurons in the visual cortex also emulate linear sensory transducers. We conclude that the retinal linearity depends on specialized ribbon synapses while cortical linearity is the result of balanced excitatory and inhibitory synaptic interactions.
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