Plant species from various taxa 'escape' from low oxygen conditions associated with submergence by a suite of traits collectively called the low oxygen escape syndrome (LOES). The expression of these traits is associated with costs and benefits. Thus far, remarkably few studies have dealt with the expected benefits of the LOES.
Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.