Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
3
pubmed:dateCreated
2009-2-3
pubmed:abstractText
Chemical penetration enhancers are widely used in transdermal pharmaceuticals as well as cosmetic products. Selection of suitable enhancers in topical formulations requires an understanding of the mechanism of action of these enhancers. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the enhancement effects of a number of commonly known enhancers and cosmetic ingredients on permeation across human epidermal membrane (HEM). The potencies of these chemical enhancers-maximum enhancement, E(max)-were compared at their highest thermodynamic activity in equilibrium with HEM (i.e., solubility equilibrium). This was achieved by the treatment of HEM with the enhancer or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) saturated with the enhancer. Passive transport experiments were then conducted with a model permeant corticosterone to determine the effects of these enhancers on the lipoidal pathway of HEM. The results suggest that E(max) of an enhancer is related to its octanol/water partition coefficient and its solubility in the HEM lipid domain. A relationship between enhancer E(max) and its solubility in silicone elastomer was also observed, suggesting the use of silicone solubility to predict enhancer potency. Based on the E(max) results, some common topical ingredients were found to be more potent enhancers than a number of well-known chemical enhancers.
pubmed:grant
pubmed:commentsCorrections
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-10202969, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-10332050, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-10702628, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-10767567, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-11522475, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-11536219, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-11576771, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-12126794, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-12593932, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-12761819, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-14762914, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-15124201, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-15236460, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-15342185, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-15516730, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-15612636, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-15774584, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-15907593, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-16259770, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-16720410, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-16809010, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-16843424, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-16935378, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-17188470, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-17387696, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-17664037, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-17688265, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-17717423, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-2080983, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-2726682, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-7500283, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-8274500, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-8593481, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-8618039, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-8742943, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-9034219, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-9364402, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-9758679, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/commentcorrection/18623209-9758680
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Mar
pubmed:issn
1520-6017
pubmed:author
pubmed:copyrightInfo
(c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association
pubmed:issnType
Electronic
pubmed:volume
98
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
926-44
pubmed:dateRevised
2011-8-1
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
2009
pubmed:articleTitle
Effects of chemical enhancers on human epidermal membrane: Structure-enhancement relationship based on maximum enhancement (E(max)).
pubmed:affiliation
Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural