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pubmed:abstractText |
Conduct, oppositional defiant, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, reflecting early antisociality and behavior dysregulation, are predictive of substance use disorders. Liabilities to these disorders share genetic and environmental variance. Parenting characteristics have been shown to influence development of antisociality, moderated by variation at the MAOA gene, which has also been associated with the risk for substance use disorders. To extend these findings, we tested the relationships between the MAOA promoter polymorphism (variable number tandem repeat), indices of child's perception of paternal and maternal parenting, and disruptive behavior disorders and substance use disorders.
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pubmed:affiliation |
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Education and Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA. mmv@pitt.edu
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